Background
This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene
family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind
divalent heavy metal ions, altering the intracellular concentration of heavy metals in the cell.
These proteins act as anti-oxidants, protect against hydroxyl free radicals, are important in
homeostatic control of metal in the cell, and play a role in detoxification of heavy metals.
The encoded protein interacts with the protein encoded by the homeobox containing 1 gene
in some cell types, controlling intracellular zinc levels, affecting apoptotic and autophagy
pathways. Some polymorphisms in this gene are associated with an increased risk of cancer.
